Showing posts with label CCC. Show all posts
Showing posts with label CCC. Show all posts

22/12/2014

CCC

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- C C C -

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. - cat 猫 neko - .


. - cha 茶 tea - Tee - ### .

. - chatsumi 茶摘み picking tea leaves - * .

. cha-usu 茶臼 grinding tea * .

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. chichi-haha no shikiri ni koishi kiji no koe .
(spring) voice of a pheasant, father, mother




- - - - - . chidori 千鳥 plover . - - - - -

千鳥立ち更け行く初夜の日枝颪
. chidori tachi fuke-yuku shoya no hieoroshi .
(winter) plovers. night deepens. wind from Mount Hieizan

- - - - -


- - - - - . chigo 稚児 children temple acolytes *. - - - - -
. . . . . Chigozakura, Chigo-zakura 児桜 - famous cherry tree in Akita



- - - - - . Chikusai 竹斎 Doctor Chikusai *. - - - - -



. chimaki yuu katate ni hasamu hitai gami .
(summer) Chimaki ritual rice cakesd. one hand. hair.
for the Boy's Festival



. chi ni taore ne ni yori hana no wakare kana .
(spring) good bye to cherry blossoms. falling to the ground, returning to the roots.
honkadori of a waka by Sutoku-In 崇徳院



- - - - - chiru 散る ちる cherry blossoms fall - - - - -

. chiru hana ya tori mo odoroku koto no chiri .
(spring) falling cherry blossoms. surprized birds. dust on a koto zither

. chiru yanagi aruji mo ware mo kane o kiku .
(autumn) leaves of the willow are falling, myself

. . . . .



. chisa wa mada aoba nagara ni nasubi-jiru .
(summer) eggplant soup. salad. green


- - - - - . - choo, chō 蝶 butterfly - . - - - - -
spring

. choo mo kite su o suu kiku no namasu kana .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. to sip vinegar. butterfly pickled chrysanthemum petals

蝶の羽のいくたび越ゆる塀の屋根
. choo no ha no ikutabi koyuru hei no yane .
(spring) butterfly. how many times? wall with a roof

蝶の飛ぶばかり野中の日影哉
. choo no tobu bakari nonaka no hikage kana .
(spring) butterfly. fluttering fields. sunlight.


蝶鳥の浮つき立つや花の雲
chō tori no / uwatsuki tatsu ya / hana no kumo


蝶よ蝶よ唐土の俳諧問はん
. choo yo choo yo Morokoshi no haikai towan .
(spring) butterfly. Haikai in China. I want to ask
For Chunag-Tsu. to ask about the Haikai in China


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. Chooshoo no haka mo meguru ka hachi takaki - hachitataki.
(New Year) hachi tataki - Memorial service for saint Kuya Shonin. walk around a grave.
木下長嘯子 / Chooshoo 長嘯 Kinoshita Choshoshi



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. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .


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01/11/2014

Cultural Keywords

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- Cultural Keywords used by Basho -

During his many travels around Japan, Basho came to know different places, different regional food, different legends, customs and festivals.

He also wrote about animals and plants, implying his friends or famous people from the past.

In his hokku and travel diaries he introduced many items casually, since they were usually known to his fellow poets of the Edo period.
Some of the themes he introduced are kigo.

But for readers coming from other cultures, most of these words need a special explanation before the hokku can be understood in its proper cultural environment.

Here I will try to list the most important ones,
Basho being my guide to Japanese Culture and the early Edo period.

This is the most important collection
of my Basho Archives of the WKD.



. Basho travelling / traveling in Japan .
utamakura 歌枕 place names used in Japanese poetry


Mit Basho durch die Kultur Japans reisen!

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quote
In one of his most famous theoretical statements, Basho says,
“Learn about pines from the pine, and about bamboo from the bamboo.”
Each pine exhibits pineness but is not pineness itself: each pine alludes to, or is symbolic of, the essence of pine.

Contemporary writers may find Basho’s statement confusing. To use the Western terminology of essence we see in Reichhold and many modern Western haiku commentators, even the essence of pine is not the same as the essence of being. The essence of things is not located within the thing itself. The is-ness of a thing is not to be gained through attention to the thing alone. Indeed, is-ness is not the same as the “thingness” of a thing.

Barnhill says that in his travels Basho pursued
 “the wayfaring life in order to embody physically and metaphorically the fundamental character of the universe.”
He visits places “loaded” with cultural and spiritual significance and his sense of “nature” is bound up with these traditions of place. This intertwining of place and significance, the local and the transcendental, is basic to Basho’s experience. The centrality of “place names” or utamakura is basic to Basho’s outlook.
Barnhill says,
“Basho tended to write of places in nature handed down through literature,
giving cultural depth to his experience of nature.”

source : JAMIE EDGECOMBE, 2011


. learn from the pine - - - said my American haiku friends. .  

This is a still growing list. Please come back again.
under construction
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松尾芭蕉と元禄文化
Matsuo Basho and the Culture of the Genroku Period

quote
Genroku 元禄
September 1688 - March 1704
The years of Genroku are generally considered to be the Golden Age of the Edo Period. The previous hundred years of peace and seclusion in Japan had created relative economic stability. The arts and architecture flourished.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Edo Haikai 江戸俳諧 Haiku and Hokku .


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. ama 海女 woman divers and 海士 fishermen .

. ama 尼 Buddhist Nun .

. Amida 阿弥陀 Amida Buddha - Amidaboo 阿弥陀坊  Amidabo . ###

. an 庵 thatched hut - yado 宿 my humble abode .

. asunaroo, asunarō 翌檜 Asunaro Hinoki cypress .

. aware 哀れ Basho feels the pathos of things .



. bantaroo 番太郎 flood warden in Edo .

. - Basho about Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .
Enjoy the life of a haikai master in the Edo period.

. betsu zashiki 別座敷 detached sitting room .
(also the title of one of his hokku collections)

. biwa 琵琶 lute Biwako 琵琶行 a Chinese poem .

. bunko 文庫 library *.

. byoobu 屏風 Byobu, folding screen * .


. cha 茶 tea, green tea - Tee ### .

. chatsumi 茶摘み picking tea leaves * .

. chausu, cha usu 茶臼 tea-grinding mill * .

. chigo 稚児 children temple acolytes *.

. chigozakura, chigo-zakura 児桜 - famous cherry tree in Akita * .

. Chikusai 竹斎 Doctor Chikusai *.
A shabby doctor and his travelling stories

. dairibina  内裏雛 "Emperor Dolls" for the Hina Doll Festival * .

. doyoo boshi 土用干し airing during dog days * .



. Ebisukoo, Ebisu koo 恵比寿講 Ebisu Ceremony Group * .

. . Edo 江戸 the Samurai Capital ### . .
- - - - - . Edo miyage 江戸土産 souveniers from Edo .


- - - FOOD and DRINK - - - ###


. fude 筆 brush for writing *.

. furiuri, furi-uri 振売 peddlers, hawkers, salesmen *.
bootefuri 棒手振り peddlers with a pole on the shoulders

. furumono dana 古物棚 dealer of old things . *

. - furusato ふるさと 故郷、古里 home village, home town - *.
- hitosato 一里 and shison 子孫 "children and grandchildren"
- sato 里 sato, village, Heimat
- yamazato 山里 mountain village
A most important emotional place for the Japanese.

. futon 蒲団 Japanese bedding. mino futon 三幅布団 / 三布蒲団 narrow matress * .


. futsukayoi 二日酔い/ 宿酔 hangover * .

. fuuga, fūga 風雅 Fuga. elegance, refinement - Aesthetics and Basho * .
- - - - - and
fuuryuu, fūryū 風流 Furyu. elegance, refinement
- - - - fuukyoo, fûkyô  風狂 FUKYO, poetic eccentricity
. fuuryuu no hajime ya Oku no taue uta .
poetic venture, beginning of all art

. fuugetsu, fūgetsu 風月 the beauty of nature * .
lit. "wind and moon"

. fuyugomori 冬篭り winter seclusion, winter confinement * .
- - - - - sashikomoru さしこもる (鎖し籠もる)


. ganjitsu 元日 first day of the year * .

. ge 夏 summer retreat * .

. geta 下駄 wooden sandals, clogs *.

. gobyoo 御廟 imperial mausoleum * .
imperial tomb of Godaigo Tenno 後醍醐帝御廟, Yoshino, Emperor Go-Daigo


. goki ichigu 五器一具 one set of begging bowls * . - - - goki 御器 hitosoroi 一揃い

. goten 御殿 palace, manor - tonozukuri 殿造り *.

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. haikai 俳諧 - hokku 発句 - words used in his poems ! * .


. hachi takaki, hachitataki 鉢叩き ceremony for Saint Kuya 空也上人 * .

. hakama 袴 Hakama formal trouser skirt * .

. hakamairi 墓参り visiting graves at O-Bon * .

. hakkei 八景 Eight Views, eight famous scenic spots * .

. haori 羽織 Japanese coat * .

. haritate, hari tate 針立 acupuncture needle * .

. hatsugatsuo, hatsu gatsu (katsuo 初鰹) first skipjack bonito of the season * .

. - hatsumono 初物 First Things, New Things - * .

. hatsu-uma 初午 first day of the horse * . at a fox shrine

. hei 塀 / hei no yane 塀の屋根 wall with a roof * .

. heso no o, hozo no o 臍の緒 umbilical cord * .

. Hida no takumi 飛騨の工 / 飛騨の匠 craftsman from Hida * .

. Hie oroshi, hieoroshi 日枝颪 wind from Mount Hieizan * .

. hijiri, hijiri kozoo 聖小僧 mendicant monk, "holy man" * .
Basho himself was on a kind of "hijiri" life, travelling all over Japan, without a regular home.

. himuro 氷室 (ひむろ) icehouse, ice cellar * .

. hinokigasa 檜木笠 hat made of cypress bark * .

. hioke 火桶 "fire box", brazier * .

. hoiro 焙炉 stove to dry green tea leaves * .


. - - - Hokku and Haikai 発句と俳諧 - - - . *


. hokutoo 北斗 the Big Dipper, the Plough * .

. hoorai kazari 蓬莢飾 / 蓬莱 Horai-decoration for New Year * .

. hotarumi 蛍見 watching fireflies - hotaru 螢 * .

. hotoketachi 仏達 Buddha statues * .

. hoya 穂屋 "shrine hut with a thatched wall" *.

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. ichi 市 market, shiwasu no ichi 師走の市 december market, toshi no ichi 年の市 Year-End Market * .

. imayoo 今様 popular songs * .

. imo no kami 痘瘡の神 deity of smallpox * .

. iori, an 庵, yado 宿 my humble abode, thatched hut ###.

. iroha 色葉 colored leaves or いろは, the Japanese alphabet * .

. irori 囲炉裏 sunken hearth, fireplace * .

. isaribi, kagaribi 漁り火 fire to lure fish * .

. Izumo no kami 出雲守 / Hitomi Izumo no Kami 人見出雲守 mirror maker * .



. jinbe, jinbei 甚平 light summer robe * .

. joo, jō, kusari 鎖 chain, used to lock * .

jooroku 丈六 Joroku Buddha Statue * .

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. kabuto 甲 / 兜 / 冑 helmet of a samurai *.
famous helmet of Saito Sanemori 斉藤実盛,

. kadomatsu 門松 pines at the gate / matsukazari 松飾り * .

. kagami 鏡 mirror * .

. kagemachi, kage machi 影待ち waiting for sunrise *.

. kakine 垣根 hedge, fence . *

. kamado, hettsui, hetui, hetsui 竃 / 竈 kitchen stove * .
- - - - - niwakamado, niwa kamado 庭竃 / 竈 // kama 釜 iron pot for cooking


. - kami 神 Shinto deities - ### .

. kamigaki 神垣 "Fence of the Gods", fence of a Shinto shrine * .

. kamiko 紙子 paper robes * .

. kami no kao 一言主 face of the deity Hitokotonushi *.

. Kanbutsu-e, Kanbutsu 潅仏会: Buddha's Birthday Celebrations * .

- kane 鐘 bell, temple bell, sunset bell - *

. Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩 and Asakusa Kannon 浅草観音 Temple . *

. kapitan カピタン Kapitein, Captain, Dutch Delegation . *

. karahafu, kara hafu 唐破風 Chinese cusped gable . *

. karakasa からかさ / 傘 oil-paper umbrella with a bamboo frame . *

. karakoromo, karagoromo, kara koromo から衣 / 唐衣  robes from China . *

. karo toosen 夏炉冬扇 to be useless - like a stove in summer, a handfan in winter . *

. kasa 笠 bamboo hat, straw hat, traveller's hat . ###

. katabira 帷子 light linen dress . *

. katsuo uri 鰹売 vendor of skipjack, bonito fish monger * .

. kawara 瓦 roof tiles - いらか iraka roof tiles * .

. kawauso no matsuri, kawa uso 獺の祭 Otter Festival at Seta . *

. kazarinawa, kazari nawa 飾縄 rope decoration for New Year * .

. keshizumi 消炭 (けしずみ) ash to extinguishing the fire / sumi 炭 ash . *

. - - kigo and kidai 季語(季題)theory of season words - - .

. kinuta 砧 fulling block * .

. - - kire 切れ and kireji 切字 - - cut and cut markers - .

. koma 駒 - uma 馬 - Japanese horses . ###
- - - - - komamukae, koma mukae 駒迎へ selecting tribute horses for court

. kometsuki 米搗き professional rice grain pounder . *

. komo 薦 straw mat . *

. komorido 籠人 / 籠り人 person in retreat . *
- at temple Hasedera, Nara 長谷寺

. kooshi goosu, gabushi 合子 - furugooshi 古合子 set of food bowls . *

. koromogae 衣替え, 衣かへ  changeing robes for summer . *

. koshi no wata 腰の綿, 腰綿 "cotton wrapper around my hips" . *

. kosode 小袖 short-sleeved kimono . *

. kotatsu 炬燵 Kotatsu heater - okigotatsu 置炬燵 . *

. koto 琴  Koto zither / kotobako 琴箱 box for a koto . *

. kuchikiri, kuchi kiri kuchikiri 口切 opening a new jar of tea * .

. Kumasaka Choohan 熊坂長範 Kumasaka Chohan . ###

. kunichi 九日 okunichi "Honorable Day with a Nine" . * - Chrysanthemum festival

. kura 蔵 storehouse, warehouse . *

. kusamakura, kusa makura 草枕 pillow stuffed with grass . ###

. Kutsuki bon 朽木盆 tray from the Kutsuki region . *


. kyooku 狂句 Kyoku - comic verse, crazy verse . *

. - Kyooto 京都 Kyoto, Kyo - Miyako 都 / みやこ - .

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. machi ishi, machiichi, machi isha 町医師 doctor in town . *
- - - kusuri nomu 薬飲む  drinking medicine

. makie, maki-e 蒔絵 gold-silver laquer work . ###

. makuwa melon 真桑瓜 makuwa uri . *
with painted faces on "princess Melon" 姫瓜 hime uri

. manzai 万歳 Manzai performance . *

. masu 枡  measuring box . *
- - - . masu 升 container for ritual sake .

. matsukazari 松飾り "pine decroation" * .

. mayuhaki, mayu haki  眉刷毛  eyebrow brush . *


. meido めいど / 冥土 / 冥途 nether world, world of the dead . *

. men 面 - 能面 Noh mask . *

. mino to kasa 蓑と笠 Mino straw raincoat and rain hat . *
- - - - - . minomushi 蓑虫 bagworm  . *

. misogi 御祓 summer purification . *

. miyamori 宮守 shrine warden . *

. mochibana, mochi-bana 餅花 New Year decorations . * - lit. "mochi flowers"

. momi suru 籾する hulling rice, polishing rice . *
- - - - - Momi suru Oto 籾する音 The Sound of Hulling Rice

. - mu 無 emptiness - nothingness - kyo 虚 emptiness . *

. mushiro 筵 takamushiro 簟 bamboo floor mat to sleep on . *

.............................................................................


. nagezukin, nage zukin 投頭巾 square hood . *
and - maruzukin, maru zukin 丸頭巾 

. nanshoku、danshoku 男色 homosexuality . *

. Naracha 奈良茶 Nara rice gurel and the importance of haikai 俳諧 . *

. nattoo 納豆 Natto, fermented sticky soy beans * .

. nazuna なづな摘み Nazuna seven herbs of spring, Shepherd's purse, nazuna 薺 . *


. nebutsu, nenbutsu 念仏 Nembutsu, Prayer to Amida Buddha . *

. Nehanzoo 涅槃像 -Nehan-e 涅槃会 Statue of Buddha lying down . *
and juzu 数珠 rosary beads



. nenohi, ne no hi 子の日 day of the rat . *

. nijuushichiya 二十七夜 moon on day 27 . *


. noren, nooren, nōren 暖簾 door curtain . *

. noo 能 Noh theater and Matsuo Basho . *

. nori no matsu 法の松 "pine of the Buddhist law". Dharma pine * .

. nukamiso tsubo 糠味噌壷 pot for fermented Miso paste . *
- - - konuka 粉糠 fermented miso paste


.............................................................................


. oi 笈 backpack of the Edo period . *

. okoraago 御子良子 Okorago, Shrine maidens at Ise . *

. omeikoo 御命講 Omeiko Ceremony for Saint Nichiren . *

. omizutori, O-mizutori お水取り water-drawing ritual . *
- mizutori 水取り in Nara

. onozumi, Ono-zumi 小野炭 charcoal from Ono . *

. onsen 温泉 hot spring . *
He visited quite a few, like Kusatsu and Nasu Yumoto.
yu no nagori 湯の名残り / yu o musubu 湯をむすぶ

. oogi, ōgi 扇 handfan - karo toosen 夏炉冬扇 . *

. oomigaya 近江蚊帳 kaya mosquito net from Omi . *

. Ootsu 大津絵 Otsu-e paintings from Otsu town . *

.............................................................................


. Persons and People - names in his hokku .

. Places, place names in his hokku .

.............................................................................


. ran, ran no ka 蘭の香 Japanese orchids and their fragrance . *

. Rashoomon 羅生門 Rashomon Gate, Kyoto . *

. rendaino 蓮台野 graveyard * .

. robiraki 炉開き "opening the hearth" . *
for the Tea Ceremony

. roosaibushi, rōsaibushi 弄斎節 rosai-bushi, Rosai song . *


............................................................................


. Saga no take 嵯峨の竹 bamboo from Saga . *

. sakura asa, sakura-asa 桜麻 "cherry-blossom hemp" . *

. sarabachi 皿鉢 plates and bowls . *

. saru hiki , saruhiki 猿引 monkey trainer . *

satori 悟り  - Zen enlightenment
. satoranu さとらぬ no enlightenment, unenlightened . *


. seki 関 checkoint, sekimori 関守 checkpoint warden . *

. sekizoro 節季候 Year End Singers, December Singers . *

. semigoromo, semi-goromo 蝉衣 thin "cicada robe" for summer . *

. senkoo 線香 incense . *


. shakan, sakan 左官 plasterer . *

. shamisen, samisen 三味線 Japanese lute . *

. shikishi 色紙 decoration card with poem . *

. shime 七五三, shimenawa 注連縄 a sacred rope . *

. shinobuzuri, shinobu-zuri しのぶ摺 / 忍ぶ 綟摺り fern cloth-printing or mottling . *

. shiro 城 castle, shiro ato 城跡 castle ruins / yamashiro 山城 mountain castle . *

. shisoku 紙燭 torch lamp with paper shade . *

. shizu 賎 person of low social standing . *

. shoshun, hatsu haru 初春 "First spring", the New Year . *


. - soo, sō 僧 monk, Buddhist priest - . *


. sumoo 相撲 Sumo wrestling . *

. susu harai (susuharai) 煤払い  end of year housecleaning . *

. suzuri 硯 inkstone / suzuribako 硯箱 box for the inkstone . *

.............................................................................


. tachi 太刀 large sword . *

. take 茸 mushrooms - (ki no ko, kinoko 茸, 菌) . *

. takimono 薫物、たきもの burning incense . *

. takotsubo 蛸壺 octopus pot . *

. tamamatsuri, tama matsuri 玉まつり / 魂祭, 玉祭 festival for the souls, O-Bon . *

. tamasudare たますだれ / Nanjing Tamasudare (玉簾/珠簾) performance with bamboo sticks . *

. tamuke 手向け offering at a grave or temple . *

. tan 反, 段(たん)unit of measurement . *

. Tanabata 七夕 Star Festival - 天の川 Amanogawa . *

. taru 樽 barrel - taue daru 田植樽 . *
sake barrel offered at the end of the rice planting.

. tatami 畳 floor mats . *

. taue uta 田植えうた song of the rice planters . *

. Teikin Oorai, ōrai 庭訓往来 Teikin Orai textbooks * .

. tenbin 天秤  pair of scales . *

. tenugui 手ぬぐい small hand towel . *

. tera 寺 Buddhist temples visited by Basho . *

. tsue 杖 walking stick, cane. Wanderstock . *

. tsukigane つき鐘 temple bell . *

.............................................................................


. ubune boat 鵜船 for cormorant fishing . *

. ukihito 憂き人 person with elegant feelings of fuuga 風雅 . *

- ukiyo 浮世 the floating world -

. umakata 馬方 horse owners . ###
transport and travel along the Tokaido road

. Urashima Taroo 浦島太郎 The legend of Urashima Taro .*

. usu 臼 different types of mortars, grinders and hand mills . *



. utabukuro 歌袋 bag to keep poetry, poem-pouch, song-pouch . *


. uzumibi, uzumi-bi 埋火 banked charcoal fire . *

.............................................................................


. waraji, waranji 草鞋 straw sandals and geta clogs . *

. wara 藁, shinwara 新藁 new straw . *

. wata 綿 cotton plants, watabatake 綿畠 cotton fields . *
- - - - - watayumi, wata yumi 綿弓 cotton bow


. yado fuda, yadofuda, shukusatsu 宿札 - visitor sign of a lodging . *

. yakko 奴 Yakko servant . *

. yamabushi 山伏  mountain ascetics . *

. yamagatsu 山賤 / 山賎 (やまがつ) forest workers, woodcutters, loggers . *

. yanagigoori 柳行李 Yanagigori, wicker trunk . *
koori, katani 行李片荷 carrying boxes for travellers

. yarido 遣り戸, 鑓戸, 槍戸 wooden sliding door . *

. yashikigata, yashiki-gata 屋敷方 living in a samurai residence (yashiki) . *

. yogi 夜着 bedtime quilt . *

. yoki hi よき日 - nichi nichi kore yoki hi 日々是好日 Every Day is a Good Day . *

. yojoohan 四畳半 four and a half tatami room . *

. yome ga kimi 嫁が君 first mouse of the year . *

. yomo 四方 the four directions / The Four Directions 東西南北 . *

. yotsu goki 四つ五器 4 or 5 bowls for wandering monks . *

. yukimaruge, yuki maruge 雪丸げ, yuki Daruma 雪だるま snowman . *

. yuujo, yūjo 遊女 whore, whores, prostitute *



. zashiki 座敷 "sitting room", visitor's room - natsu zashiki 夏座敷 . *

. zatoo 座頭 blind person . *

. Zen - 芭蕉の禅修行 Zen Training and Basho .
- - - - - - Read: : The Haiku Apprentice - Haiku, Basho and Zen

. zoori 草履 straw sandals . *


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Kulturelle Schlüsselworte


All festivals and dates relate to the Asian lunar calendar.

WKD : The Asian Lunar Calendar Reference


. WKD : Main Index .

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Join with your own cultural keywords!

. Haiku - Culture Magazine - .


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22/07/2012

choo butterfly

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- choo, chō 蝶 butterfly -

For the Japanese haijin, the butterfly it is not just an ubiquious animal in springtime, but relates to a much deeper layer of Taoist philosophy about the essence of being.
I am sure most of you know the famous parable by the Chinese sage Chuang-Tsu (Chuang Tzu).


Sooji 荘子 Soji、Zhuangzi


Basho also compares himself with a butterfly, leading a wandering life from flower to flower, traveling from one disciple to the next.


. WKD : Butterfly (choochoo 蝶々) .


The sweets maker Kikyou in Iga Ueno has a few butterfly sweets!


under construction
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秋を経て蝶もなめるや菊の露
aki o hete / chō mo nameru ya / kiku no tsuyu



- - - - - still looking for the Japanese

Deep into autumn
and this caterpillar
still not a butterfly

source : haiku.insouthsea.co.uk


not yet a butterfly
even as autumn passes
the caterpillar
Tr. Reichhold

- - - - -

and a few more
- source : thegreenleaf.co.uk


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蝶も来て酢を吸ふ菊の膾哉
. choo mo kite su o suu kiku no namasu kana .
(spring) butterfly. to sip vinegar. pickled chrysanthemum petals

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source : kikyou012

蝶の羽のいくたび越ゆる塀の屋根
choo no ha no ikutabi koyuru hei no yane

butterfly's wings -
how many times do they flit
over the roofed wall?

Tr. Ueda



roofed wall and gate


. WKD : roofed temple walls .


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source : kikyou0123


A field of sunlight

蝶の飛ぶばかり野中の日影哉
蝶の飛 ばかり野中の 日かげ哉
choo no tobu bakari nonaka no hikage kana

butterflies only
fluttering in this field
of sunlight

Tr. Barnhill


Only butterflies are
On the wing -
Sunlight in the fields.

Tr. Saito


butterflies flit . . .
that is all, amid the field
of sunlight

Tr. Ueda


This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.


..........................................................................................................................................................


蝶鳥の浮つき立つや花の雲
chō tori no / uwatsuki tatsu ya / hana no kumo

butterflies and birds


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蝶よ蝶よ唐土の俳諧問はん
choo yo choo yo Morokoshi no haikai towan

butterfly! butterfly!
I would ask you about
China's haikai

Tr. Barnhill


..........................................................................................................................................................



You are the butterfly
And I the dreaming heart
Of Chuang-tzu

Tr. Blyth

君や蝶我や荘子が夢心
. kimi ya cho ware ya Sooji ga yumegokoro .


..........................................................................................................................................................



胡蝶にもならで秋経る菜虫哉
kochoo ni mo narade aki furu namushi kana

Oku no Hosomichi - - - - Station 43 - Ogaki 大垣 - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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椹や花なき蝶の世捨酒
. kuwa no mi ya hana naki choo no yosute-zake .
hermit sake for the butterfly


物好きや匂はぬ草にとまる蝶
monozuki ya / niowanu kusa ni / tomaru chō


起きよ起きよ我が友にせん寝る胡蝶
. okiyo okiyo waga tomo ni sen neru kochoo ( oki yo) .
come with me as my friend



蘭の香や蝶の翅に薫物す
. ran no ka ya choo no tsubasa ni takimono su .
incense on a butterfly's wings



白芥子に羽もぐ蝶の形見哉
shira-geshi ni hane mogu chō no katami kana
. shirageshi ni hane mogu choo no katami kana .
Here Basho sees Tokoku as a white poppy and himself as a parting butterfly.




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. WKD : Butterfly (choochoo 蝶々) .
spring


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .


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17/07/2012

hototogisu little cuckoo

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- hototogisu 郭公 / ほととぎす -

This is one of the classical season words, used in the poetry of the Heian period.
Basho sometimes uses the word and adds a new twist, closer to the normal life of the normal people of his Edo.

hototogisu can be written with many Chinese characters:
ほととぎす【時鳥/子規/杜鵑/不如帰/郭公】

Basho uses the Chinese characters 郭公, which was common during the Heian period.
But now is often pronounced kakkoo, Japanese cuckoo, which is a different bird, Cuculus canorus.


. WKD : hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 .
Little Cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalis


Sometimes, even the bush warbler (uguisu 鶯) and the little cuckoo (hototogisu) get mixed up.






under construction
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曙はまだ紫にほととぎす
akebono wa / mada murasaki ni / hototogisu


冬牡丹千鳥よ雪のほととぎす
fuyu botan / chidori yo yuki no / hototogisu


ほととぎす今は俳諧師なき世哉
. hototogisu ima wa haikaishi naki yo kana .
(summer) little cuckoo. now a world without haikai masters


時鳥鰹を染めにけりけらし
. hototogisu katsuo o some ni keri kerashi .
(summer) little cuckoo. skipjack sashimi


ほととぎす消え行く方や島一つ
. hototogisu kieyuku kata ya shima hitotsu .
(summer) little cuckoo. it disappears. a single island

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郭公声横たふや水の上
hototogisu koe yokotau ya mizu no ue

cuckoo:
its call stretching out
across the water

Tr. Barnhill


sound of a cuckoo
whose cry now is stretching out
across the water

Tr. Chilcott


hototogisu––
the shriek lies stretched
across the water

Tr. Ueda

The cut marker YA is at the end of line 2.

Written in summer 1693   元禄六年四月二十九日.
Basho had gotten the news that his nephew and adopted son Toin had died. Basho was very shocked and vowed not to write about the hototogisu any more. His friends Sunpu and Sora tried to help him overcome his sorrow
愁情なぐさめばやと、杉風、曽良、水辺之ほとゝぎすとて、更ニすゝむるにまかせて


Basho also wrote

一声の江に横たふやほとゝぎす
hito-koe no e ni yokotau ya hototogisu

a single call
comes across the inlet -
hototogisu

Tr. Gabi Greve

Basho was referring to a poem by Su Dongpo, Su Dungpo 蘇東坡 (So Toba そ とうば)

白露江ニ横タハリ / 白露江に横たはる

“The gleaming water extends to heaven,
and the white mist lies stretched across the water.”


“White mist lay across the water;
the light from the water reached the sky. .”

source : afe.easia.columbia.edu/song


quote
..... which strongly suggests that the lingering sound of the hototogisu echoes the vanishing spirit of the dead youth.
Shirane, Traces of Dreams


. Matsuo Basho - His nephew Tooin 桃印 Toin, To-In - .
(?1661 - 1693)

doobutsu no koe 動物の声 - a difficult expression to translate:
The voices of animals used by Basho -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


- Japanese Reference -

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郭公招くか麦のむら尾花
hototogisu / maneku ka mugi no / mura obana

時鳥正月は梅の花咲けり
hototogisu / matsuki wa ume no / hana sakeri


ほととぎす鳴く鳴く飛ぶぞ忙はし
hototogisu / naku naku tobu zo / isogawashi
so busy!


杜鵑鳴く音や古き硯箱
. hototogisu naku ne ya furuki suzuri-bako / suzuribako .
(summer) little cuckoo. old inkstone box

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ほととぎす鳴くや五尺の菖草
hototogisu naku ya go shaku no ayamegusa

hototogisu
cries –– a blade of iris
five feet tall

Tr. Ueda


the Hototogisu
is calling - some iris
of five Shaku hight

Tr. Gabi Greve



This hokku is a version of a poem from the Kokin Shu 古今集 collection, by an unknown author.

ほととぎす鳴くや五月のあやめぐさ あやめも知らぬ恋もするかな
hototogisu naku ya gogatsu no ayamegusa ayame mo shiranu koi mo suru kana

Basho has only changed the gogatsu to goshaku.

.......................................................................

ほととぎす大竹薮を漏る月夜
. hototogisu ootakeyabu o moru tsukiyo .
(summer) little cuckoo. bamboo, moon night



ほととぎす裏見の滝の裏表
. hototogisu Urami no Taki no ura omote .
(summer) little cuckoo. Urami no Taki waterfall (Nikko). back and front



烏賊売の声まぎらはし杜宇
. ika uri no koe magirawashi hototogisu .
(summer) squid vendor. hardly distinguishable. hototogisu. his voice


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source : itoyo/basho


清く聞かん耳に香焼いて郭公
kiyoku kikan mimi ni koo taite hototogisu

the clear sound
of burning incense near the ear
hototogisu


天和3年, Basho age 40
koo o kiku, to "listen to incense" had become fashionable in the Genroku period.


The Way of Incense 香道 
As in the analogous tea ceremony, various instruments (many of them made of gold or silver) were called for. Diverse formalities were developed and a proper name for the activity was created: kodo.
Eventually even the act of smelling became too common.
Instead one "listened" to incense. (koo o kiku 香を聞く)
. WKD : Incense, O-Koo お香 .


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木隠れて茶摘みも聞くやほととぎす
. kogakurete chatsumi mo kiku ya hototogisu .
(spring) picking tea leaves. to hear. hototogisu


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京にても京なつかしやほととぎす
. Kyoo ni te mo Kyoo natsukashi ya hototogisu .
Kyoo nite mo
(summer) little cuckoo, longing for Kyoto



待たぬのに菜売りに来たか時鳥
matanu no ni / na uri ni kita ka / hototogisu
vendor of leaves for food


野を横に馬牽きむけよほととぎす
. no o yoko ni uma hikimuke yo hototogisu .
(summer) little cuckoo, horse


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落ち来るや高久の宿の郭公
ochikuru ya Takaku no shuku no hototogisu

falling from high above -
at a Takaku lodging,
cuckoo

Tr. Barnhill

Oku no Hosomichi, Station 6 - Nasu 那須


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しばし間も待つやほととぎす千年
shibashi ma mo matsu ya hototogi su sennen
shibashi ma mo matsu ya hototogisu sennen

I wait only for a short while
for the hototogisu - it feels
like some thousand years


This is an allusion to the Chinese poet Li Po (701-762)

白髪三千丈

My white hair is three thousand joo 丈 long.
The waterfall falls down three thousand feet.


(One 丈 is about 3 meters).


Written in 1666 寛文7年, Basho age 24.
This poem has a particular meter, with the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2 and the structure 5 8 4, if HOTOTOGISU is seen as one word.

matsu, to wait, is also a pun with the auspicious 1000 year old pine, sennen no matsu 千年の松.
quite a few places, temples and shrines, have such a long-living pine.
hototogi susennen, ほととぎ 数千年 the bird - a few thousand years suu sennenn 数千年.
Basho is still experimenting with the hokku form.

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須磨の海士の矢先に鳴くか郭公
. Suma no ama yasaki ni naku ka hototogisu .
(summer) little cuckoo. fisherman as Suma


田や麦や中にも夏のほととぎす
. ta ya mugi ya naka ni mo natsu no hototogisu .
(summer) hototogisu in summer. fields. barley.


橘やいつの野中の郭公
tachibana ya / itsu no nonaka no / hototogisu


戸の口に宿札名乗れほととぎす
. to no kuchi ni yadofuda nanore hototogisu .
at the front entrance, hand out your visitor sign (yado fuda 宿札)


鳥刺も竿や捨てけんほととぎす
torisashi mo / kasa ya suteken / hototogisu



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. WKD : hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 .
Little Cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalis


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .


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14/07/2012

kiku chrysanthemum

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- kiku 菊 chrysanthemum -
- chooyoo 重陽 chrysanthemum festival -


chooyoo 重陽 (ちょうよう) "double prime number nine"
..... chookyuu 重九 "double nine" - Double Nine Day

okunichi (おくにち) "Honorable Day with a Nine", kunichi 九日
okunchi おくんち、kunchi くんち
The ninth of the ninth lunar month.
Nowadays often celebrated on the 9th of october.

September 9, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ...
Now mostly held in October, celebrating the end of the harvest time.
It was one of the five special "double" days with double prime numbers, which are auspicious in the Lunar calendar,

. WKD : Chrysanthemum (kiku) .
dew on chrysanthemums, kiku no tsuyu 菊の露

plant kigo for all autumn

and also nogiku, wild chrysanthemum


by Hasegawa Keika

more TBA - for usu 臼 hand mill, see below
In alphabetical order
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秋を経て蝶もなめるや菊の露 
aki o hete / chō mo nameru ya / kiku no tsuyu
autumn, butterfly, chrysanthemum


朝茶飲む僧静かなり菊の花
. asacha nomu soo shizuka nari kiku no hana .


蝶も来て酢を吸ふ菊の膾哉
chō mo kite / su o sūkiku no / namasu kana



初霜や菊冷え初むる腰の綿 
. hatsu shimo ya kiku hie somuru koshi no wata .
(autumn) chrysanthemums. first frost. cotton wrapper around my hip


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早く咲け九日も近し菊の花 
hayaku sake kunichi mo chikashi kiku no hana

hurry up to bloom -
the Ninth Day is near for you,
chrysanthemum flowers

Tr. Gabi Greve

Written on the 4th day of the 9th lunar month 元禄2年9月4日 〔1689.10.16〕 during his trip Oku no Hosomichi.
He stayed at the samurai home of Asai Saryuu 浅井左柳 Asai Saryu in Ogaki 大垣 and this is his hokku at the haikai meeting.
Basho had to leave Asai again on the 6th of the ninth lunar month on his way to Ise.

another version is

早う咲け九日も近し宿の菊
hayoo sake kunichi mo shikashi yado no kiku

hurry up to bloom -
the Ninth Day is near for you,
chrysanthemums by this house

Tr. Gabi Greve


Asai Saryuu 浅井左柳 Asai Saryu
Not much is known about him. His name was Genbei 源兵衛.

Two of his poems from Zoku Sarumino 續猿蓑

鮭の簀の寒氣をほどく初日哉 
名月や草のくらみに白き花 


- - - Station 43 - Oogaki 大垣 Ogaki - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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一露もこぼさぬ菊の氷かな
hito tsuyu mo / kobosanu kiku no / kōri kana
chrysanthemum, ice


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稲こきの姥もめでたし菊の花 
ine koki no uba mo medetashi kiku no hana

how laudable also
this old woman threashing rice -
chrysanthemum flowers


. Basho at Temple Menshooji 妙法山明照寺 .
Hikone, Shiga
Chrysanthemums are a symbol of long life and this old woman was still doing her chores at the old farmhouse. She is to be appraised and celebrated just as the chrysanthemum flowers.

Written in October in 1692 元禄4年, Basho age 48.



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いざよひのいずれか今朝に残る菊 
. izayoi no izure ka kesa ni nokoru kiku .
izayoi is a word usually used for the moon on then next best day, but here Basho uses it for the next best day to view chrysanthemums. The best day for the chrysanthemums is the ninth day (of the ninth lunar month).




影待や菊の香のする豆腐串 
. kagemachi ya kiku no ka no suru toofugushi .
Tofu bean curd on sticks



隠れ家や月と菊とに田三反 
kakurega ya / tsuki to kiku to ni / ta san tan



....................................................................................................................................................

- - - - - kangiku 寒菊 chrysanthemum in the cold


寒菊や醴造る窓の前 
. kangiku ya amazake tsukuru mado no saki .

..........................................................................


寒菊や粉糠のかかる臼の端
kangiku ya ko nuka no kakaru usu no hata

quote
The following verse on chrysanthemums, for example, literally places the heavily loaded conventional image in a quotidian “run-of-the-mill” scene.

Winter chrysanthemums
covered by the rice bran
beside the hand mill.


The juxtaposition of two or more images and topics in an opening verse is a typical structure of Shômon haikai and is termed toriawase (combination). Bashô once said:
“One should know that hokku is a construction of combination. Combinations that come from conventional themes are rarely superior; they are mostly stale.”
The hokku above testifies to Bashô’s conviction and sets chrysanthemums outside the conventional periphery of associations: instead of suggesting elegance or the life of a recluse, as seen in Bashô’s earlier haibun on his plantain hut that imitates Tao Qian’s poetry, here chrysanthemums are accompanied by a “hand mill,” an extremely common item in an ordinary person’s life in Bashô’s time.
To achieve novelty and naturalness through unconventional combinations was an important technique Bashô used in his last years; by so doing he shook off the heavy conceptual meanings the old traditions had loaded upon poetic images and brought them back to a natural lightness.
source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu




Different types of USU 臼


. The hand mill of the Kappa - folktale .



Winter Chrysanthemums !
Coated with falling rice bran
From the hand-mill nearby.

Tr. Oseko

This was a lighthearted (karumi) hokku of a linked verse meeting with his disciple Shida Yaba 志太野坡.


Written in 1693 元禄6年, Basho age 50.
This hokku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 1.
Basho was sitting outside in the sunshine of his garden, pounding rice with a mortar and mallet (or a handmill) to prepare mochi ricecakes. Some of the flour fell on the chrysanthemums and looked almost like snow.


stone marker at the temple Kikusui-Ji 菊水寺 in Chichibu, Saitama
This is temple nr. 33 at the Chichibu Kannon Pilgrimage.
The name of the temple means "Chrysanthemum Water".

kangiku, lit. "chrysanthemum in the cold"
. fuyugiku 冬菊 winter chrysanthemum .


. Basho and the chausu, cha usu 茶臼 tea-grinding mill * .

. WKD : kazariusu 飾臼 New Year decoration for the mortar .

. ishiusu zuka 石臼塚 mound with old used stone mortars .
Hoosenji 宝仙寺 Hosen-Ji, Tokyo

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菊鶏頭切り尽しけり御命講 
kiku keitoo kiri tsukushi keri Omeikō
. for Nichiren, Saint Nichiren 日蓮 .
and
御命講や油のような酒五升
Omeiki ya abura no yoo na sake go masu

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菊に出て奈良と難波は宵月夜 
. kiku ni dete Nara to Naniwa wa yoi zukiyo .

Naniwa is the old name of Osaka.


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菊の花咲くや石屋の石の間 
kiku no hana / saku ya ishiya no / ishi no ai

菊の香にくらがり登る節句かな 
kiku no ka ni / Kuragari noboru / Sekku kana



菊の香や奈良には古き仏達 - all about the old capital of NARA
. kiku no ka ya Nara ni wa furuki hotoketachi .
- - -
菊の香や奈良は幾代の男ぶり
kiku no ka ya / Nara wa iku yo no / otoko buri



菊の香や庭に切れたる履の底
. kiku no ka ya niwa ni kiretaru kutsu no soko .


菊の後大根の外更になし
kiku no nochi / daikon no hoka / sara ni nashi

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菊の露落ちて拾へば零余子かな
kiku no tsuyu ochite hiroeba nukago kana

a chrysanthemum drops its dew,
but when I pick it up:
a brood bud

Tr. Barnhill

. propagule 零余子 (むかご) mukago, nukago .

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琴箱や古物店の背戸の菊 
. kotobako ya furumono dana no sedo no kiku .



草の戸や日暮れてくれし菊の酒 
. kusa no to ya higurete kureshi kiku no sake .
chrysanthemum sake, chrysanthemum ricewine


見所のあれや野分の後の菊
midokoro no / are ya nowaki no / nochi no kiku


撫子の暑さ忘るる野菊かな
nadeshiko no / atsusa wasururu / no-giku kana



起きあがる菊ほのかなり水のあと
okiagaru / kiku honokanari / mizu no ato


折々は酢になる菊の肴かな
ori ori wa / su ni naru kiku no / sakana kana



盃の下ゆく菊や朽木盆
. sakazuki no shita yuku kiku ya kutsuki bon .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. sake cup. tray from Kitsuki



盃や山路の菊と是を干す
. sakazuki ya yamaji no kiku to kore o hosu .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. this sake cup. mountain road. I drink it all

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shiragiku, shira-giku 白菊 white chrysanthemum

白菊の目に立てて見る塵もなし
. shiragiku no me ni tatete miru chiri mo nashi .
for Shiba Sonome 斯波園女


.......................................................................


白菊よ白菊よ恥長髪よ長髪よ 
shiragiku yo shiragiku yo haji naga kami yo naga kami yo

Written when Basho was around 40 years.
This is a poem expanding on the proverb
- 寿多ければ恥多し / 命長ければ恥多し "Long life has long misery."
"If life is long there is a lot to be ashamed of."
"The longer you live, the more shame you suffer."

The white chrysanthemum is compared to a long life.
The long white petals are compared to the white hair (long life).
(BTW, this is considered of one of Basho's "tsumaranai" trivial poems.

The kireji YO is used four times, but not to CUT, but to emphasize the astonishment, surprise, exclamation.
The word YO is part of the normal Japanese language, not just a kireji for hokku/haiku.
The actual CUT in the meaning is after the word HAJI - shame.
Basho did not use the cut marker YA, which is only used in poetry, but not in normal language.

- - - imagine this - it reads quite strange in Japanese -
shira-giku ya shiragiku ya haji naga kami ya naga kami ya


. - kire 切れ and kireji 切字 - cut and cut markers .   



white chrysanthemum, white chrysanthemum
all that shame with your
long hair, long hair

Tr. Barnhill

shaggy white chrysanthemums
your long hair a disgrace
such long hair 

Tr. Jane Reishhold - 180


Oh you white chrysanthemum!
Oh you white chrysanthemum!
shame - Oh this long hair !
Oh this long hair!

Tr. Gabi Greve

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山中や菊は手折らぬ湯の匂ひ
. Yamanaka ya kiku o taoranu yu no nioi .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. Yamanaka hot spring. Fragrance



痩せながりわりなき菊のつぼみ哉
yase nagara / warinaki kiku no / tsubomi kana


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. WKD : Chrysanthemum (kiku 菊) .


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